2021 09 17                                           Forte and Windows 11 

Windows 11 sort of sneaked up on me. My fault of course, not paying attention, but Microsoft says October 5, 2021, less than three weeks from today. We'll see. 

Microsoft did have an application called the "PC Health Check App," which could run on a destination computer and determine whether that computer met their Windows 11 requirements, but the scuttlebutt is that it was thoroughly flawed (with source code unavailable of course) and it has been withdrawn. As of today, September 17, the page for it still says "COMING SOON."  It's been coming soon for a while now.

However, there is a page on Microsoft.com which does purport to set forth the requirements for Windows 11.  Happily, there are others besides Microsoft who have read these requirements and put them in an application. In particular, there is a Windows application called WhyNotWin11.exe on GitHub: This app is open source and peer reviewed (unlike any Microsoft apps), written by by Robert Maehl, downloaded 869,000 times so far. Might be a good thing to support. 

WhyNotWin11.exe puts all of Microsoft's Windows 11 stated requirements into a nice display. You see two of those displays here. One is for a twelve-year-old HP Dv7t laptop, which has been updated from Windows Vista all the way to Windows 10. That one shows a lot of Windows 11 deficiencies. The other is for the Forte computer, built just this summer, showing no deficiencies. 

Bill of Materials

Of course even the old laptop might be upgraded to meet the Windows 11 requirements, and perhaps some of the requirements might not really be necessary to get Windows 11 running. For example, that ancient laptop has neither a discrete TPM nor a firmware TPM, but it has BitLocker encryption working just fine and quite securely on its (one and only) disk drive anyway. Experience will tell us what will actually work with Windows 11. 

Forte did initially have a deficiency, according to WhyNotWin11: The Vision Tech Radeon 5450 Graphics Card did not meet the Win 11 DirectX or WDDM requirements. Therefore that card has been replaced by the ASUS NVIDIA GT710 “4H SL 2GD5" Graphics Card, which I know will qualify and which is probably better anyway. See the revised Bill of Materials.

By the way, Forte is for sale. You can see what it cost, and I do expect to receive some benefit from my work in building it, so make me an offer. Note, however, that I will not ship it, and will only deliver it in the Twin Cities Minnesota metropolitan area. It can come with Windows 10 or Windows 11, your choice. Either way, it's a really hot computer!

2021 06 16                                                      SECURITY 

OK So far the new computer will have: 

• CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 5950X CPU, 16 cores & 32 threads 
• Motherboard: ASUS ROG Crosshair VIII Dark Hero, PCIe 4.0 and more 
• Windows 10 Pro, full version, USB 

  

But first some words about security: BitLocker is Microsoft's full-disk encryption facility, and it works. The computer must be and will be BitLocker compatible. It turns out that BitLocker has almost no impact on performance, even gaming performance, so that's not a downside. I think that the the mobo (motherboard) should probably have a header for a TPM (Trusted Platform Module), and the "Dark Hero" does. I'm not certain about actually using a TPM though, because I think that the CPU or the firmware may also provide the necessary BitLocker functions. If so, the separate TPM module would not be necessary. In fact, last I looked, new ones with the right updates were kind of hard to find. On a previous computer I enabled BitLocker with a tiny USB flash drive and no TPM. Important point: Even if the mobo is compatible and everything is in place, BitLocker doesn't have to be enabled. 

 

If you're not a BitLocker (or Microsoft) fan, or you don't have the Professional version of Windows, an excellent alternative is VeraCrypt, an open-source and thoroughly-audited facility which has both a full-disk encryption mode and a file-encryption mode. In fact, the best security may be found with a combination, where BitLocker is used to encrypt the whole disk, and the most precious individual files are further encrypted with VeraCrypt. Examples: A lawyer's client files, an engineering company's proprietary designs, the computer owner's social security numbers, bank accounts, and website logon passwords. I do use both BitLocker and VeraCrypt, plus several more. 

 

Please do not use the same password for BitLocker and VeraCrypt, or for anything else. That would entirely defeat the additional security. That's what a password vault is for, and there are some very good free ones.

 

In addition to BitLocker and VeraCrypt, there are other very useful encryption facilities. For example, I use Macrium Reflect to back up entire disk drives, and those output files can be encrypted. I'm sure that some of the competitive backup facilities can do the same. There is also a free and widely-used zipping app called 7Zip which is better than the Windows zipper in several ways, especially because its zipped output files can be encrypted. Here is a partial list of a few handy encrypting apps:

• BitLocker (requires Windows 10 Pro) 
• VeraCrypt (replaces TrueCrypt) 
• 7Zip 
• Macrium Reflect (or competitors) 
• KeePass (password vault, or competitors) 
• EFS (Windows "encrypting file system") 
• Lots more ... 

Macrium Reflect

Please PLEASE do not lose your BitLocker keys! Or your VeraCrypt passwords or PIMs, or any other encryption keys. There is likely no recovery except for your backups, and only then if the backups are UNencrypted or you know THEIR keys. Losing the keys is the same as a disk crash. Obviously, it's not a clever plan to keep the only copy of your encryption keys WITHIN the encrypted files. Please please write the keys on paper, or in a file within an UNencrypted DVD or flash drive, and keep that in a safe place, like a bank safe deposit box or your best friend's top dresser drawer, several miles away. Note: If you have more than one disk, you will have more than one key. You must save all of them. 

No matter what you think, the keys are not safe in the residence (or office) where the computer is located. Period.

 

Here is an only-slightly tongue-in-cheek list of risks to keeping the keys in the residence: Theft, computer virus, ransomware, fire, flood, lightning, hurricane, tornado, sinkhole, earthquake, termites, C-drive failure, other drive failure, smoked motherboard, smoked CPU, BitLocker failure, other encryption failure, Covid-19, another pandemic, asteroid impact, ultra-Plinean volcanic eruption, lunar cataclysm, black hole consuming the earth, gamma-ray burst, nuclear explosions, coronal mass ejection, sun going nova, or bad luck. 

 

The point is: Some of these could actually happen, and some WILL happen to some people who don't have their keys. Please don't be one of those. My residence is not safe, and neither is yours.

 

There is no rule against keeping the keys in multiple places. It's a really good idea. 

Backup is even (far) more important than encryption, and we have said little about it here. There is much more to be said about security, but saved for another time. 

The next post will get back to building a computer.